The spreading of the Herapi products is of a great agrogeologic Importance, as the Merapi products compared with the rocks of other Java volcanoes are extraordinary fosforrich. Only towards one side these products could develop feely, namely in the plane of Solo, whare they border to that of the Lavu. To the S the spreading was stopped by the southern mountains, only in the area of the kali Opa…
A few volcanoes of Indonesia posses such a voluminous literature lize the G. Kelut. The are less the volcanic phenomena, than the destructions caused by the mudstreams (lahar), which all times attracked attention. It in true that our through knowledge of out bursts does reach farther than until the begin of the ninetienth century, but the literature of that era is so rich of date, that we howev…
On October 12, 1920 the inhabitants of the most high laying kampungs in the vicinity of the Blongkengravine were surprised by hot dustclouds and were killed by the burns. It appeared inmediately, that there was no outburst at all, as the summit slopes of the Merapi were, as far as they were overgrown in August and September, were still green as before (the reports from news papers concerning th…
Still a single word on the built up of the volcano as appears from the exposures out side the crater. In all ravines visited by the author, this are the lahar Badak, the lahar Siwalan, the Kali Ijir and the lahar ligobo, the number of lava out flows was not to be called a few. On portrait 17 we see more of such andesite break-through exposed in the ravine of the lahar Ngobo. Remarkable is the f…
When we venture a calculation of the amount of the ejected ash and punice, then it goes without saying, that we can only estimate. The statements concerning the amount of the fallen-down ash, are mostly inaccurate and incomplete. Moreover, when we are willing to fix the correct amount of ash, we ought to know the specific gravity and to take into account the thickness of the locally fallen ash …
The outbursts are always accompannied by gaseruptions, which escape with thrumbling noise and the foraing of flash of lightnings. From the stories of Junghuhn (see p.95-96) appears, that during earlier outbursts the thunder claps were observed till great distances from the crater (Kalimantan) (Fron Banjarmasin this time also detonations were reported from the Kelut outburst). Also during there …
Lyewitnesses. Among all stories, that of Keuls, Administrater, coffee land Candisewu seems to the most likely. His residence in situating near along the eoge of the lahar Badak on half the elevation of the mountain (see plate n. 1 and 2), he could in time flee to a safe small spot and was therefore in the position to observe closely the whole event.
As far as we can conclude from the volcanical history of the G.Kelut, after each out burst a craterlake was formed (Portrait of the Craterlake anong others in 'Geweldige Natuurkrachten' by Vissering in J.v.h. Mijnwezen 1907, Verhandeling Hugo Cool and a.m.). As most of the strate volcanoes has no craterlake there must be extraordinary conditions present, when at such volcano body craterlakes…
'He is above evrything treacherous; sneaky as a reptile, gloomy as a 'fairy tale of mourning; apparently he is restful even years and 'years, and therefore again alluring to trust, until he on the most unexpected moment bursts open, his terrible muzzle dilates, and the 'most horrible imaginable prehistoric monster vomits many horrors." In this way Vissering portrays us the psychology of the Kel…
Sebelah tenggara Pegunungan Batur, G. Agung menjulang berbentuk kerucut langsing hingga ketinggian 3142 m dari permukaan laut. Sebuah pelana sempit memisahkannya dari pegunungan ini. Merupakan tipe murni gunungapi Strato, yang masih memiliki bentuk kerucut aslinya secara utuh.