The shares of coal and natural gas in the energy mix, particularly for electricity generation, in the APEC economies as a whole have increased tremendously during the last several years. Coal has been a mainstay fuel because of proven abundant regional supply, but its importance has grown for energy security reasons. Oil is becoming less attractive …
The social and economic transformation of the thai economy over the past 25 years has resulted in rapid growth in energy consumption. Most of this growth was initially met by energy imports: at the time of the second oil crisis in 1979/80, Thailand's dependence on imported oil was in excess of 90% of total primary commercial energy. In the ensuing y…
Over the past quarter century, both nationally and internationally the energy picture has been one of dynamic change. These included the oil embargoes of the 1970s and the environmental debates of the 1980s. The 1990s brought about more changes in response to required emission reductions for acid rain precursors, initiation of more stringent NO stan…
Eksplorasi batubara yang biasanya didahului dengan pemetaan geologi tidak berdiri sendiri hanya meneliti batubara saja, tetapi menyangkut beberapa disiplin lain yang tak terpisahkan yaitu geoteknik, geohidrologi, hidrologi dan geologi struktur. Geoteknik bersangkutan dengan kestabilan lereng pada tambang terbuka dan kestabilan atap dan dinding galia…
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Sumberdaya batubara tersebar dibeberapa kepulauan Indonesia, lebih dari setengah total cadangan batubara (68%) terdapat di Sumatera, sekitar 22% di kalimantan dan sekitar, 10% tersebar di Pulau Jawa, Sulawesi dan Irian Jaya. Di wilayah tersebut sumberdaya batubara diperkirakan berjumlah 38 milyar ton, dengan 6,5 milyar ton dikategori…
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Tim Gasifikasi Batubara Indonesia dientuk berdasarkan keputusan Menteri Pertambangan dan Energi Nomor 113.K/702/M.PE/1997 tanggal 17 Februari 1997 dalam rangka pencapaian sasaran pemerintah dibidang diversifikasi energi dan mendukung program "Langit Biru" melalui pemanfaatan batubara sebagai sumber energi yang bebas polusi dengan men…