After eruption of 1883, studies on the development or the recovery of natural ecosystem on the Krakatau Islands, especially those of vegetation and fauna, have been of great interest to many scientists. However, as far as we know, only a few studies on the soils were carried out (Ernst, 1908; Van Baren, 1931; Newsome, 1982).
The activities of Anak Krakatau are found to be phenomena of eruptive cycles in the hythms of a long-periodic developmental growth. Before the present-day activity of Anak Krakatau which started in December 1927, we know of earlier outburts of Krakatau in 1883, in 1680 and of the 5th century in the year 416 A.D.
Recent shallow seismic profilling survey by the Geological Research and Development Centre in cooperation with the Navy (AL) resulted in subsurface bottom sections which give for the first time an insight on the subsurface geology in the vicinity of the Krakatau-group (Akil and Lubis, S., 1983; Sukardjono, 1983).
Various discussions have been made by many authors as respects the eruption mechanism of Krakatau caldera (e.g. Williams, 1941; Yokoyama, 1981; Self and Rampino, 1982; Yokoyama, 1982). Accumulation of geophysical data may provide important information to clarify the problem. Yokoyama and Hadikusumo (1969) have already established the gravity stations Krakatau Islands. The low residual anomalies…
The gravity survey on Krakatau Islands was first carried out by means of a land gravimeter in 1968 ( Yokoyama and Hadikusumo, 1969) and was supplemented by the present authors in 1982. The gravity points on the islands has reached 40 in number.
As a part of JSPS-LIPI Scientific Program, gravity survey around Sunda Strait was carried out. In Sumatra, the existence of extreme lineality of fault zone called Sumatra fault is postulated. Katili &Hehuwat (1967) adduced some avidences for a horizontal displacement of right lateral character of Sumatra fault.
A program to carry out a series of integrated research activities on Mount Krakatau and the surrounding areas has been drawn up and circulated to relevant parties by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) in the past few months.
The author (1981) put an interpretation of the 1883 Krakatau eruption from the standpoint of geophysics. In the present paper, mainly the generation of the tsunami in the eruption will be discussed to supplement the previous interpretation.
The mount Anak Krakatau is one of the volcano island of Krakatau group or Krakatau volcano island complex consisting four islands of Anak Krakatau, Rakata, Small Rakata and Sertung, those of which are located in Sunda Strait between Sumatra and Java.
The significant change in seismic activity for an active volcano is closely related to the stage of volcanic activity. Even in the dormancy period, the observation of seicmic activity of a particular volcano is very important to evaluate the status and to anticipate the future behavior. The Volcanological Survey of Indonesia installed triparti- te instruments at the Anak Krakatau and Sertung…