Volcanology is ained at the scientific study of phonomona, which strictly speaking, only refers to manifestations of surface cruptions of molton rock or magna and their related gasos, with the structuros, deposits, and other offects produced thoroby. Until now physiographio descriptions of the Indonesian volcanoos, their eruptions and or porio- dic increased activities, the geomorphological lan…
The activities and magmatic cycles of the Krakatau Volcanic Complex are closely related to the goology and tectonic position of Strait Sunda, which are more related to Sumatra than to Java. The basoment of Strait Sunda consists of ignimbrites and acid tuffs of 0.1 million year old, and the thormal gradient in and around Sunda Strait is about 6.7°C por 100 meter. Tectonically, strait Sundo is a…
Present situation of the Sumatra Island seems to indicate the clockwise rotation of about 40 degrees for Jawa (Fig.1). Ninkovich (1970) proposed a hypothesis that in the Late Cenozoic Sumatra rotated clockwise about 20 degrees and formed the present configuration. Moreover, Sasajima et al (1980) said that after the Triassic until the Early Tertiary, Sumatra should have rotated clockwise by 62.4…
Various discussions have been made by many authors as respects the eruption mechanism of Krakatau caldera (e.g. Williams, 1941; Yokoyama, 1981; Self and Rampino, 1982; Yokoyama, 1982). Accumulation of geophysical data may provide important information to clarify the problem. Yokoyama and Hadikusumo (1969) have already established the gravity stations Krakatau Islands. The low residual anomalies…
Krakatau voleano which is located at Sunda Strait, Indonesia, catastrophic The is a wellknown volcano in the world, because of its eruption in August 1883, and submarine caldera came into existence. Relatively in a short time, fortyfour years later, in Docamber 1927, ronewed activity was begun, started by submarine oxplosions. eruption was a commencement for the first periode of a now cycle of …
An eye-witness account on the eruption of the Mountain Krakatau on hundred yeansvaro is found in the form of a poen in two lithographed editions in Arabic script. Both lithographed Singaporean editions are found in the National Library, Jakar- ta. Each of then are called Inilah Syair Lampung Dinaiki Air Laut ("this is a poen about Lampung when it was flooded by the sen-water"s furthen mentioned…
Dutch reactions to the Krakatau eruption, a paper based upon some 19th century publications and upon archival material such as the series "mailreports" originating from the Dutch Ministry of Colonies and some private letters and reports. It presents a description of personal experiences of cye-witnesses, Dutch government regulations in connection with the Krakatau events, charity, and in an imp…
When Krakatau was erupted at 10.02, Sunday morning, 27 August, 1883, 36.417 people were killed by one of the greatest volcanic eruption that ever happened on earth. The victims were not only suffered by the pyroclastics of Krakatau but also swept by tsunami which had drawn 297 Desas (a small administrative u- nit of human settlement). Of the 297 Desas, 165 of them were completely vanished from …
Krakatau catastrophic eruption in 1883 produced a large amount of pumice in the form of pyroclastic flow or fall. At present, they are on Rakata, Sertung, Panjang, and Sebesi islands. The pumice as the major constituent, often accompanied by obsidian is petrographically and chemically analysed. Most pumice was white with some pink and blackish grey; in various from ash, sand lapilli to block. M…
The post-meeting trips arranged for a guided by VSI sci- entists were a great success, and at the outset I'd like to convey the thanks from my colleagues, and from myself, for extending this considerable hospitality and courtesy to us. Each and every one of the participants: Fiske, Simkin, Stoiber, Williams, Glicken, Yokoyama, Punongbayan the Banks, Rosengren, and of course Mary Ann and I, were…