An invitation issued by Unesco under the Volcanologist Exchange Programme has given opportunity to the authors to visit Mayon Volcano, South Luzon, The Philippines, which was reported to have shown an increasing activity early May this year. The first increasing volcanic phenomenon was observed on May 3, and harmonic tremors were recorded the following days. The precaution measures have then be…
Mt. Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, geologically is situated on the intersection of two faults of regional importance, namely the transverse fault which separates East Java from Central Java, and a longitudinal fault through Java which forms the boundary between the western Kendeng Ridge and the Ngawi sub Zone North of Simo.
A additional complexity of volcanic activity is the need to place it in a human context in order to avoid volcanic disaster. Photo-interpretation of the existing aerial photographs at 1: 50,000 scale dating from 1982 has been undertaken to greatly Increase the efficiency of the volcanic hazards survey at Semeru vulcano. This photo-interpretation map has been checked in the field, and a geomorph…
After the mapping done by the Topographical Survey in 1879, no other survey of the crater was made although it was known that sinde then the crater has changed its eruptive phase several times. It was decided in February 1921, that a new survey of the crater would be done for the purpose of knowing any changes and for putting down the topography of the present stage (see plate I).
The most remarkable phenomenon, which is observed at the Lamongan, which apart from it, in whole Jawa is never seen at no single volcano, is the amount of small lakes which are situated on several distances from each other, but are surrounding the cone volcano in a line following each other in a wide circle.
After the December eruption 1930, the laducourses of Merapi Volcano, Central Java previously showed no water circulation, expect at big rainfall, which caused shorthliving banjirs.
The ladumasses were deeper cut in the course of the mouths and it appears always clearer, that they were built of a heterogen, lightbrown colored sand mass, where in-between irregularly scattered, the stones occurred as individuals or as bouldertrails.
Almost all authors are the opinion, that the well - known wedusgembel, which caused death and destruction on the western slope of the Merapi, originated from the hot lava avalanches (glowing avalanches), which rolled down along the slides, whereas 'shout-out' wedusgmbel have not taken place.
In 1885 a part of the southen collapse due to the pressure of the lava in the Semeru