Natural disasters are the, most serious potential threats to human being and their environments. Japan and Indonesia have the same type of natural hazards because of their similarity in tectonic setting. This was a major factor motivating the establishment of cooperative programs between Japan and Indonesia to understand the natural phenomena and th…
Volcanic hazard mitigation program in Indonesia contitutes volcanic monitoring, hazard map preparation, public education, engineering construction and• public awareness. In the last 200 year, 175 thousand people were killed by volcanic eruption. The number has significantly descreased due to the intensive imple…
The 43 papers collected here are (except for one) from the three-part special section of the Journal of Geophysical Research on "How Volcanoes Work." This volume provides a representative sampling of the nearly;.300 papers presented at an international symposium of the same name held in Hilo, Hawaii, in January 1987 in• c…
From the perspective of human time, very little changes on 'the surface of Earth. From the perspective of geologic time, the period from Earth's beginning more than 4.5 billion years ago to the pres• ent day, however, the surface of the planet is in constant motion, being reshaped over and over. The constructive and destru…