Sejak dikeluarkannya Instruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia pada bulan September 1976, upaya untuk meningkatkan pangsa batubara dalam penggunaan energi nasional terus dilakukan.
Escalating population and environmental pressure within many developing countries are causing a significant deterioration on the environment because of rapidly increasing deforestation solely for the harvesting of wood to supply domestic energy needs.
The U.S. Bureau Of Mines conducted experiment in the intermediate-scale fire tunnel to assess the influence of air velocity on the gas production and smoke caracteristics during smoldering and flaming combustions of Pittsburgh seam coal and its impact on the detections of the combustion products.