CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 Coastal processes 3 Land and sea level changes 4 Cliffs 5 Shore platforms 6 Beaches 7 Beach erosion 8 Spits, barriers and bars 9 Coastal dunes 10 Intertidal wetlands 11 Estuaries and lagoons 12 Deltas 13 Coral and algal reefs 14 Future coasts