Krakatau catastrophic eruption in 1883 produced a large amount of pumice in the form of pyroclastic flow or fall. At present, they are on Rakata, Sertung, Panjang, and Sebesi islands. The pumice as the major constituent, often accompanied by obsidian is petrographically and chemically analysed. Most pumice was white with some pink and blackish grey; in various from ash, sand lapilli to block. M…
Dalam usaha menyadarkan penduduk mengenai bencana, khususnya mereka yang bermukim disekitar G. Lokon dan G. Mahawu Kabupaten Minahasa- Sulawesi Utara, perlu dilakukan penyuluhan mengenai bencana yang mungkin ditimbulkan oleh letusan gunung api di Wilayah tersebut, selain itu di informasikan pula manfaatnya. Penyuluhan yang diberikan kali ini, bukanlah yang pertama, mungkin penyuluhan yang ke se…
Geochemical and lithological studies of volcanic rocks, decta and pyroclastic flows, those of which were collected from Phenocrystic minerals from the Krakatau Group, were carried out. The volcanic rocks were also investigated by the electron-probe Thermally altered products and related minerals, icroanalyzer. And pyroclastic flow and pumice were examined by X-ray powder iffraction method and t…
Pumice flow of the 1883 Krakatau eruption occurs It at Small Rakata, Rakata and Sertung Islands, those which roughly correspond to the wall of Krakatau caldera, Indonesia. significantly differs in both mineral and chemical compositions against any other volcanic rock or ejecta of the Krakatau Group, those of which belong to Miyashiro's (1974) tholeiitic series. Meanwhile, lithic fragments of gr…
Kegiatan pengumpulan data ditujukan untuk mengetahui/mengikuti perkembangan akhir kegiatan G. Colo dan perkembangan pemukiman setelah 13 tahun pulau itu kosong penduduk akibat letusan pada tahun 1989. Data yang terkumpul itu merupakan dasar untuk mempertimbangkan upaya penyelamatan penduduk dan harta bendanya melalui suatu mekanisme pengungsian yang relatif aman, mudah dan benar
The Krakatau complex situated in the Sunda Strait, as a part of the Lampung Province (105°21'20" - 105°27'44" E. Long/6°03'0 2, Lot.), consists of four islands: Rakata, Sortung, Panjang and Anak Krakatau. The bordering sides facing each other at Nakata, Sertung and Panjong show a steep morphology which forms the enlders wall, at none places revealing faults. The chronology of the volcanic…
It has long been realized that the mineral assemblages of igneous and metamorphic rocks may reflect the approach of a rock to chemical equilibrium during its formation. However progress in the application of chemical thermodynamics to geological systems has been hindered since the time of bowen and the other early physical-chemical petrologysts by the recurring quandary of the experimental geol…
Structural geology is the study of the architecture of the earth in so far as it is determined by earth movements. Tectonics and tectonic geology are term that are synonymous with structural geology. The Movements that affect solid rocks results from forces within the earth; they cause folds, joints, faults and cleavage.
The science of geology is concerned with the earth and the rocks of which it is composed, the processes by which they were formed during geological time, and the modelling of the earth’s surface in the past and at the present day. The earth is not a static body, but is constantly subject to changes both at its surface and at deeper levels.