It is known that on the occasions of big eruptions, an enormous volume of earth crust material extrudes to the earth surface in the forms of lava flows and fragmental ejecta. The extrusion of lava is always accompanied by a movement of substances of the earth crust down beneath, resulting in the deformati…
Volcanic hazard mitigation program in Indonesia contitutes volcanic monitoring, hazard map preparation, public education, engineering construction and• public awareness. In the last 200 year, 175 thousand people were killed by volcanic eruption. The number has significantly descreased due to the intensive imple…