Tama lakes area is located in the saddle between Mt. Ngauruhoe and Mt. Ruapehu Tongariro Volcanic Centre, Taupo Volcanic Zone. The TVZ is situated about 80 km above the westward-dipping Wadati-Benioff zone where the Pasific plate is being subducted beneath TVZ crust.
Mt. Semeru volcanic complex is basalt-andesite composite volcano in East Java, Indonesia. The structural geology of study area is indicated by faults or structural trends and negative volcanic landforms such as calderas, maars, craters and escarpments.
Daerah penelitian dan sekitarnya termasuk ke dalam kecamatan Seunagan, Kabuoaten Aceh Barat, Daerah Istimewa Aceh. Stratigrafi daerah Seunagan terdiri dari: Formasi Tutut (Pliosen), formasi Meulaboh (Pleistosen) dan Aluvium (Resen).