Ground Penetrating (or Probing) Radar, more commonly known as GPR, is sirriply one of the most useful geophysical techniques available to engineers and scientists;' It allows us to detect what lies beneath the ground or within buildings. It is primarily a safety aide since it' is used to prevent potentially dangerous situations arising or for the detection• arid• treatment of hidden pro-' blems, As such, it has 'a wide remit whether this is the accurate location or' pipes and cables in order to prevent damage' during site development, the detection of crevasses' in glaciers or' the internal structural investigationof roads, bridges, airports, and historic buildings to detect 'problems before they becorrie critical.
This book is an introduction to • GPR. It is • intended to be a practical guide, used as a basic tool by survey practitioners and • also by those who
would find GPR data helpful' but generally commission someone else to do the work. For both groups a basic understanding of how GPR works, what
can be achieved with it, the decisions that need 'to be taken before a GPR survey is begun, and the potential problems (and solutions) is vital. There is a view that GPR is unreliable and therefore 'not' always worth the cost of using it. The aim of this book is• to show how some of this apparent unpre- dictability can be removed. '
Although there can be a strongly mathematical component: to GPR, advanced mathematical ability is not required forthis introduction. A certain amount of calculation is involved but norie of this is more complicated than basic relationships such as speed =dlstance/time.The reward should be better survey decisions,' better• survey results, and a clearer understanding of what the risks of failure are. • ' •
Who uses GPR? A growing number of professionals including civil and structural engineers, surveyors, and those concerned with managing 'a wide variety of environmental resources and archeologists. The ultimate end user of the information gerierated is often government, local, or national,: arid the• primary reason for use is very often the safety of individuals and the general public.

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