This book. is concerned with remote sensing, 1 that is, with the detection, identification, and analysis of objects or features through the use of imaging devices (sensors) located at positions remote from the subjects of investigation. Remote sensing may be regarded as reconnaissance from a distance, and that distance may range from a few metres to thousands of kilometres. The sensors record electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that is reflected or emitted from these objects or features. The visible, infrared, and microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have received primary attention in remote sensing. Particular emphasis is on the branch of remote sensing that is concerned with the acquisition and interpretation of aerial photographs obtained from the visible spectrum.
The fourth edition has been prepared with a coauthor-Graydon Lennis Berlin. It follows the same organizational structure as the previous edition. Emphasis is still on aerial photographic interpretation, but sections dealing with other remote sensors have been revised and updated. This edition also includes a new set of color plates, a number of new black-and-white illustrations, and an updated glossary.
Major changes have been made in Chapter 7, Nonphotographic Imaging
Systems, and Chapter 8, Geographic Information Systems and Land-Use• Land-Cover Mapping. Chapter 15, Digital Image Processing, represents
entirely new material that replaces the former chapter on military applica•
tions. Chapters 7 and 15 could compose the foundation for a second, more advanced course in remote sensing. All three of the above chapters provide the text with an added emphasis on geographic and geologic applications.
For many years, cameras, films, and photogrammetric equipment have
been calibrated in metric units. Therefore, wherever feasible, the Inter• national System of Units (SI) is used for numerical examples in this book.(In accordance with SI praetice, theAmerican word meter is spelled metre). In some instances, tabular material is presented in both metric and English units; conversion tables are included on the inside back cover.

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