The 43 papers collected here are (except for one) from the three-part special section of the Journal of Geophysical Research on "How Volcanoes Work." This volume provides a representative sampling of the nearly;.300 papers presented at an international symposium of the same name held in Hilo, Hawaii, in January 1987 in• commemoration of the Diamond Jubilee (75th Anniversary) of the establishment of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HYO). The rationale and scope of the special section are summarized in my introductions to its three parts. In the early twentieth century, volcanology began to emerge as a modem. science with the founding of well-instrumented observatories on active volcanoes in Japan and Hawaii. These facilities were the first to employ seismic and other scientific methods, in addition to visual and photographic documentation, in the systematic monitoring of active volcanoes. Two individuals were pivotal in the modernization of volcanology: F. Omori, the noted Japanese seismologist who founded the observatory at Asama Volcano in 1911, and Thomas A. Jaggar, Jr., who established HYO a year later. As the collected papers in this volume amply attest, volcanology has come a long way since the beginning of the century. It has evolved into a truly multidisciplinary. study that integrates geological, geophysical, and geochemical data. We have significantlyadvanced our understanding of the generation, transport, storage, eruption, and near-surface intrusion of magma. However, these advances have been made at only a few well-studied volcanoes, located mostly in the developed countries. Only a small handful of the world's nearly 600 active volcanoes have been investigated in any detail and are being monitored by modem surveillance techniques. Many dangerous volcanoes remain poorly understood, are virtually unmonitored, and pose potential hazards from future eruptions. Most of the world's highest-risk volcanoes are found in densely populated developing countries that lack sufficient economic and scientific resources to study them adequately. When the question of "How Volcanoes Work" is considered in the year 2012 at the centennial of the founding of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, I hope that we will be able to claim not only further advances in the science of volcanology but also in the application of these advances to the reduction of human sufferingfrom volcanic disasters. We must apply our improving knowledge of eruptive phenomena and-hazards mitigation to all potentially dangerous volcanoes, rather than only to a select few. We have much work cut out for us.

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