Oil & Gas and• coal resources in Indonesia have been known smce the pre• independent era, and up to present-day, they are still mined and considered to be an important fossil energy commodity for several decade in the future. In contrast, oil shale deposits in Indonesia have not been touched for the benefit of fossil energy resources, although a number of developed and rich countries has familiarly known and even mined it. The Indonesian Archipelago is situated in a geological area where three major lithospheric plates come together, namely the Eurasian plate in the northwest, the Pacific plate in the east and India-Australian plate in the south (Hamilton, 1979; Katili, 1973; Sukamto, 1997; Simandjuntak, 1993; 2000). Those plate movements have resulted in an extremely complex geological terrain, commenced since the late Cretaceous or Early Tertiary of about 50 Ma (Hall, 1996). It was then followed by the initial subsidence, erosion and sedimentation in many Tertiary sedimentary basins of the Indonesia region. The tectonic activity was continued to generate the Neogene Orogenics (Mio-Pliocene) forming an island and mountains belts as present configuration of the Indonesian Archipelago (Simandjuntak,1993; Simandjuntak & Barber, 1996). There are sixty Tertiary sedimenta'ry basins oj Indonesian region. Tectonic activity plays a dominant role in the origin of basin setting of oil shale-bearing formation in several areas of Indonesia region. The character of depositional environment reveals that oil shale• bearing formation is frequently associated with the occurrence of coal seams. Consequently, a number of coal-basin might have been similar basin setting to deposition of oil shale formation in Indonesia.

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