This section X.1 of Bibliography 7.0 mainly contains 546 papers on the taxonomy of modern or sub-recent microfaunas and microfloras as well as papers on their distribution in Recent sediments of SE Asia. For a more extensive introduction see Van Gorsel, Lunt and Mor1y (2014, Bertia Sedimentologi 29).

An understanding of modem biofacies distributions is obviously significant for the interpretation of depositional environments and paleoclimates in the geological rock record. Different microfossil groups and species lived in different environments, and once the distributions of modern counterparts are understood, these can assist in the interpretation of ancient depositional environments, sequence stratigraphy, recognition of displaced fauna! elements, etc.

Neogene benthic foram assemblages are sufficiently similar to modern faunas that direct comparisons may be made. Paleogene and older faunas consist mainly of extinct species, so interpretations rely more on comparisons with taxonomically related species or with similar morphotypes. Modern case studies using microfossil biofacies for Miocene paleoenvironmental interpretation in the region include Finger and Drugg (1992) in Central Sumatra, Simmons et al. (1999), Noad and Preece (2014) in North Borneo, etc ..

Foraminifera
Foraminifera are the primary tool for facies analysis, particularly the benthic foraminifera. Today these are found from brackish coastal waters down to the deepest marine environments, and their environmental
• distributions are well documented in numerous studies. Foraminiferal assemblages contain information not only on paleo-water depth, but certain species may also be indicative of substrate, salinity, oxygen levels, paleotemperatures, etc. of sedimentary deposits. -

Figure X.1.1. Recent reef flat miliolid foraminifera (Sorites, Penerop/is, planoconvex Cibicides) (Scholle 2003).

Early studies of modem foraminifera distribution off Java were by •LeRoy (1939) and Myers (1945). Classic papers on the distribution of foraminifera in deep waters of East Indonesia include Hofker (1978; samples from the 1929 Snellius I expedition), Frerichs (1970; Andaman Sea), Van Marie (1988, 1991; Snellius II expedition) and Villain (1995; Mahakam Delta and Makassar Straits. Among more recent case studies on the distribution of foraminifera in the waters of the Indonesian archipelago are papers by Adisaputra, Barmawidjaya, Rositasari, Suhartati Natsir, etc .. For listings of papers on distributions of modem foraminifera in the waters of Indonesia and surrounding regions see Tables 1 and 2 and the Bibliography.

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