Indonesia Is an archipelago, consisting of more than 17,000 Islands, big and small, scatter-' Ing from 95° to 145° west longitude, as a girdle around the equator. It covers an area -of 5, 193,250 km2, out of which 2,027,087k~2 land and the remainder water.
The Republic of Indonesia Is administratively divided into 27 provinces, also called first level administrative units, and about 320 autonomous districts or second level administra• tive units. There are about 65,000 villages. About 6,000 Islands are Inhabited by a popula• tion with a total number of more than 170 million. Less than 20% are living In the big cities, while the bulk of more than 80% are In the rural areas. The nation consists of a lot of eth• nic groups, very diverse In culture and habits, intellectual achievement, and llfehood.
To achieve a better life• and living for the nation, the Government Incepted In 1969 the first 25 year lohg term National Development Plan Implemented by st,ges In 5 Five-Year Na• tional Development Programmes. The essential objective of this national development plan Is to develop the Indonesian man and the whole Indonesian society to become a modern, just. and prosperous nation, living peacefully In cooperation with other nations In the world.
Considering that Indonesia before World War II had been colonised for ages, and stlll have to fight against backwardness and poverty, it Is obvious that Indonesia has to develop all Its natural and human resources by means of modern systems and technologlet. In these development efforts, economy becomes the leading Issue. The big number of population should be mentally and physically moulded in order to become an effective power for sev• eral development purposes.

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