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A Thesis Submited to The Graduate Division of The University of Hawaii in Pertial Fulfillment of The Requirements for The Degree of Master of Arts in Geography
Since the year 1586, when Mt. Kelut erupted in East Java, killing an estimated 10,000 people, there have been more than seventy major disasters in Indonesia directly resulting from volcanic eruptions. These recorded eruptions have taken the lives of more than 200,000 people, not including those eruptions for which no data, or estimate, is available. The magnitude of these disasters in terms of destruction and loss of life is directly attributable to the fact that the richest soil in Indonesia is found around its volcanoes. This is especially true in Java and Bali, which has resulted in some of the highest rural population densities in the world. Be-cause of the fertility of the juvenile volcanic soils found on the flanks of Indonesia's volcanoes, and the pressure of the population on the available agricultural land, intensive cultivation is carried out with little heed to the possible disaster resulting if the volcano were to erupt.
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