The expanding world fertilizer demand for phosphate rocks as .a primary source of phosphate fertilizers and the conti nuous utilization of the high-grade ores have stimulated efforts to beneficiate low-grade ores to minimize the impurities in phosphate concentrates for chemical processing. The basic neficiation technology of phosphate rock processing consists of two steps: liberation of the ore from the matrix and separation of the phosphate values from the different size fractions. In some high- grade phosphate ores, size reduction alone may be sufficient to prepare the ore for commercial use Usually size reduction is followed by size ..
ciassification to remove the over- and undersize materi~s to separate scrien fractions that may contain suitable concentrates. Other ore types may need to be further upgraded by one or more beneficiation techniques. Successful application of any of these processes to a specific ore may fail
because ores often exhibit different textural and compositional characteristics.
Ore beneficiation is the art of treating the crude rock to yield marketable phosphate concentrate and waste by utilizing the difference in the physical and/or physico-chemical properties of the minerals without
changing their identity. •
A knowledge of ore texture and mineralogy is an essential preliminary activity in selecting the method of beneficiation. A liberation
study will determine the amount of grinding needed to separate the ore into .the free and occluded ore and gangue minerals; liberation is the essential
step that determines the efficiency of the separation process and affects. the quality of the final concentrate.

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