Demand for energy is expected to increase worldwide both in industrial countries and particularly in developing countries where rapid economic growth is expected, and coal therefore has crucial importance as a primary energy resources. Further utilization of coal is also part of the energy policy of japan. The use of coal in the future, therefore, will require solutions to the problems of global warming, acid rain, etc. as worldwide awareness of global environmental problems increases. Simultaneouly, restrictions on coal utilization must be removed, and coal made easier to transport and handle. The main Japanese coal technologies outlined in this book have already been implemented or will be developed in the near future. Japan is the world's largest importer of coal and its coal technologies are considered the most advanced in the world. Coal technologies in Japan are developed by individual companies, by the Center for Coal Utilization, japan (CCUJ) for short term projects and by the New Energy and Industrial technology Development Organization (NEDO) for long term projects. Research and development is supported by subsidies, trusts and grants from the government with the assistance of plant makers and users. University research laboratories and national research institues also conduct their own research.
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