The study that is reported here focuses on the palaeomagnetism of late Archaean flood basalts and the implications for geodynamic and geomagnetic processes during a part of this interval of early Earth history.
The Newer volcanics are basaltic materials which over the past 4.5 Ma (since early Pliocene) have spread from central Victoria through western Victoria to southeastern South Australia. They also include some limited lava flows in eastern Victoria.
The transport of chemical elements by uprising magma is one of the fundamental processes by which material is recycled through subduction along convergent plate-boundaries. Obtaining quantitative information on the mass balance of volatile elements is hampered by their complex behavior in magmatic systems.
Soputan Volcano is one of the few basaltic volcanoes among 127 active volcanoes in Indonesia. It is part of the Sempu-Soputan volcanic complex located south of Tondano Caldera, North Sulawesi and commonly produces both explosive eruptions with VEI 2-3 and effusive lava dome and flow eruptions.
Mt. Bromo - Tengger is al caldera complex located some 45km to the south of Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. There are at least two calderas Ngadisari and Sandsea which are 8x8 km and 6x7 km in size respectively.