As Pointed out by Boyle (1974) in his comprehensivecoverage of element associations of mineral deposits, rarely does a single element concentrate in the Earth's crust• to form a mineral deposit. Generally mineral deposits consist of a suite of elements which have been concentrated because of certain intrinsic chemical properties which depend essentially on each element's electronic configura…
A biorefinery is facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power, and value-added chemicals from biomass. The biorefinery concept is analogous to today's crude oil refineries, which produce multiple fuels and products ftom petroleum. The goal in biorefining is to isolate all the added value from the biomass feedstock, resulting in little or no waste. …
From the respeots of volcanostratigraphy, geology and petrography, major efforts were payed for field inspection of lavas, pyroclastics and pyroclastio flow deposit and for sampling for petrological and geochemical laboratory works.
Volcanio gases are the primo mover of the eruptions which drags the magma up towards the earth's surface. And because of their much lower viscosity, volcanic gases are far more fast than the magma they come from to give some informa-tions.
The objective of the excursion to G. Galunggung was a preliminary observation of the present state of volcanic activity and to see if there was a possibility to approach near to the new crater.
Of the Kt. Salak geothermal field, the Cibeureum, Cibodas and Cipamatutan areas consisted of steam heated surface waters. The Muhinin, Cikarang, Gisako-ti and Cikuluwung springs could either discharge stean condensate or dilute The discharge of the Sarimaya springs consisted of hot brine.
In recent years two new classifications of Cale Alkalie granitoids have evolved in the eastern hemisphere and are currently influencing exploration concepts, particularly in SE Asia. This note arises from considerations of their possible appliction to the further exploration of the pre-Quaternary part of Sumatra for which a Regional Geolog~cal and Geochemical reconnaissance has just been com…
The eminent volcanologist T.A. Jaggar in no way exaggerated the significance of volcanic phenomena when je stated that his conception of volcanicity was of a process which is everywhere at work within and beneath the earth’s crust. Today there are more than 500 volcanoes which are still active or at which activity has been recorded during historic times, while the number of extinct volcanoes,…
Merapi volcano, located at Central Java - Indonesia, is one of the most active volcano in the world. Since 1006, about 60 cycle of activity were reported. During the 100 years, more than 24 activities recorded in detail. Dome formation and pyroclastic flow have been occurred in turns.