Since the end of the 1982 - 1983 eruption of Galunggung volcano, west Java, a large and growing lake has formed within the 1982 - 1983 crater. The volume of this lake in July 1986 is approximately 6.1 million cubic meters of water. This water is accumulating at a rate of approximately 2.6 million cubic meters per year.
Geophysical methods of surveillance of active volcanoes are generally considered as a basic means for prediction of volcanic activity. Among various geophysical forerunners of eruptions, seismic events are most common to both basaltic and andesitic volcanoes, and it is customary to think they give effective warning to the people living close to active volcanoes. However, volcanic eruptions are …
Kelimutu is a stratovolcano that has three crater lakes containing exotic fluids. This study presents the analytical results describing the chemistry of each lake, interprets the chemistries in terms of water-rock interactions and volcanic fluxes, and derives a physical lake model that delineates the parameter-window for volcanic crater lake existence.