Eastern view of Unzen Volcano in the Shimabara Peninsula, Kyushu, SW Japan. New lava domes with the thick apron of volcanic debris have formed near the summit of Mt. Fugen (1.359 m) since 20 May 1991. Rockfalls from the fronts of domes descended as pyroclastic flows along the Mizunashi River (straight toward readers) and Oshigadani Valley (curved in the clockwise direction).
Merapi volcano, located at Central Java - Indonesia, is one of the most active volcano in the world. Since 1006, about 60 cycle of activity were reported. During the 100 years, more than 24 activities recorded in detail. Dome formation and pyroclastic flow have been occurred in turns.
The volcanic rocks mainly consist of lava flows and pyroclastic deposits that are exposed at the bridgewater, Nelson and Grant volcanis compoxes. Yhe pyroclastic deposits resulting from phreatomagmatic eruption varu in physical characteristics that are likely caused by fluctuation of magma/water ratio during interaction.
Dalam nomenklatur geologi, terlihat tdak adanya suatu keregaman mengenai deskripsi dan klasifikasi dari batuan volkanik (pyroclastic). Hal ini terlihat dalam istilah-istilah yang dipakai dalam beksi volkanik, agglomerat, breksi lahar, breksi konglomerat dan sebagainya.
Merapi (125 km) is a large, active strato volcano on the segmented Indonesian volcanic front. It is composed of numerous pyroclastic flows, lava flows, and lahars, and characterized by classic flank domes. Its lavas are calc-alkaline hi-Al basalts and andesites ranging in SiO2 from 49 to 56 (%wt.), having the usual characteristics of low MgO, P2O2, TiO2, and high Al2O3, FeO and CaO.
Soputan Volcano is one of the few basaltic volcanoes among 127 active volcanoes in Indonesia. It is part of the Sempu-Soputan volcanic complex located south of Tondano Caldera, North Sulawesi and commonly produces both explosive eruptions with VEI 2-3 and effusive lava dome and flow eruptions.