Pediction of volcanic activity is among the important goals of the volcanologist. It is, in itself already a difficult matter, but an additional complexity is the need to place it in a human context as as to avoid volcanic disasters. Therefore, one of the main purpose of volcanic survey and mapping is to prepare or to assess volcanic hazard zones, and a interdisciplinary approach is required to…
The spectacle of explosive volcanic activity has always struck us with a sense of fascination and awe. Stories of the last days of Pompeii and Herculaneum, the massive eruption of Krakatau, and more recently the destruction wrought by Mount St. Helens in Washington and El Chinchon in Mexico have captured the public imagination. This atlas examines the aftermath of such events by looking at the …
Depuis plus de vingt ans, Maurice et Katia Krafft trquent les activites volcaniques du monde entire, a raison de plusieurs eruptions par an. Ce sont, d’ores deja, les volcanologues qui ont observe le plus de cataclysms volcaniques.
Man tends to term any change in his environment that affects his works or his life in an unwanted fashion as a "catastrophe". Therefore, catastrophes may not only be represented by sudden violent events, such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, but also by the gradual slow drowning of a city like Venice a process that may take centuries to run its course. In this book we shall deal only with …
Various discussions have been made by many authors as respects the eruption mechanism of Krakatau caldera (e.g. Williams, 1941; Yokoyama, 1981; Self and Rampino, 1982; Yokoyama, 1982). Accumulation of geophysical data may provide important information to clarify the problem. Yokoyama and Hadikusumo (1969) have already established the gravity stations Krakatau Islands. The low residual anomalies…
The gravity survey on Krakatau Islands was first carried out by means of a land gravimeter in 1968 ( Yokoyama and Hadikusumo, 1969) and was supplemented by the present authors in 1982. The gravity points on the islands has reached 40 in number.
The author (1981) put an interpretation of the 1883 Krakatau eruption from the standpoint of geophysics. In the present paper, mainly the generation of the tsunami in the eruption will be discussed to supplement the previous interpretation.
Present situation of the Sumatra Island seems to indicate the clockwise rotation of about 40 degrees for Jawa (Fig.1). Ninkovich (1970) proposed a hypothesis that in the Late Cenozoic Sumatra rotated clockwise about 20 degrees and formed the present configuration. Moreover, Sasajima et al (1980) said that after the Triassic until the Early Tertiary, Sumatra should have rotated clockwise by 62.4…
Nature gave one of its warnings in late May 1883. The uninhabited, largely ignored island of Krakatau, in the middle of the Sunda Straits between the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Java, suddenly stirred. Billowing clouds of smoke and booming thunder caused a small shiver of terror among the inhabitants of the nearby islands.
Indonesia is at the same time one of the most populous (5th in the world after PR China, India, USSR, USA), and one of the most volcanic, areas in the world, lying as it does at the intersection of three major plates. (The Geological background has been covered by Dr. Barber's contribution).