of much more importance of the surrounding plains of the Senera is tow aquatic transportaton of the ejected products, the was danger. When we travel the area between Lunajang and Pasirian and the S foot of the volcano till the Kali Glidik, then it becomes clear to anybody which role the aquatic transportation of the Semeru products fulfils in the economic life of the here established populat…
Except by the already quite quickly after-supply of water in the crater established calving off of the craterwall, the topography of the crater and therefore the correctness of the calculation of the supplied water was much more seriously hindered by a small eruption in the craterlake, which took place in the night of December6 to 7, 1928 (The big eruption lasted May 1920, 1919. Translater).
At the end of February 1920 by the Sectionhead of the Irrigation at Lumajang was reported, that in that month an abnormal drop of the waterlevel of the Ranu's Klakah and Pakis had taken place. If the Ranu Klakah in normal times always flowed through his nator al outlet, at present it is not like this, as the lake level has drop till 1.5 m below the outlet This even happens during the full W …
On October 12, 1920 the inhabitants of the most high laying kampungs in the vicinity of the Blongkengravine were surprised by hot dustclouds and were killed by the burns. It appeared inmediately, that there was no outburst at all, as the summit slopes of the Merapi were, as far as they were overgrown in August and September, were still green as before (the reports from news papers concerning th…
A few volcanoes of Indonesia posses such a voluminous literature lize the G. Kelut. The are less the volcanic phenomena, than the destructions caused by the mudstreams (lahar), which all times attracked attention. It in true that our through knowledge of out bursts does reach farther than until the begin of the ninetienth century, but the literature of that era is so rich of date, that we howev…
The spreading of the Herapi products is of a great agrogeologic Importance, as the Merapi products compared with the rocks of other Java volcanoes are extraordinary fosforrich. Only towards one side these products could develop feely, namely in the plane of Solo, whare they border to that of the Lavu. To the S the spreading was stopped by the southern mountains, only in the area of the kali Opa…
As already earlier mentioned the G. Herapi exists of two morphologic clearly to be distinguished parts, an older eastern and a younger western part. From the sunnit of the old ringdike, only a small part remains (see portrait 14), of which the eastern part is named G. Pusunglondon (2694.3 a.s.) and the northern G. Paseban (2679= a.s.). The old volcano mantle of the G. Merapi has grown much more…
Still a single word on the built up of the volcano as appears from the exposures out side the crater. In all ravines visited by the author, this are the lahar Badak, the lahar Siwalan, the Kali Ijir and the lahar ligobo, the number of lava out flows was not to be called a few. On portrait 17 we see more of such andesite break-through exposed in the ravine of the lahar Ngobo. Remarkable is the f…
As far as we can conclude from the volcanical history of the G.Kelut, after each out burst a craterlake was formed (Portrait of the Craterlake anong others in 'Geweldige Natuurkrachten' by Vissering in J.v.h. Mijnwezen 1907, Verhandeling Hugo Cool and a.m.). As most of the strate volcanoes has no craterlake there must be extraordinary conditions present, when at such volcano body craterlakes…
Of more importance than the flank eruptions are the excentric eruptions, which are fed from a much more deeper lavaniveau than the first mentioned, whereas the breakthrough mostly takes place in the area of the volcano foot. Also excentric eruptions may entirely independently become active fron the main crater, which at flankeruptions is not likely possible. Also the phenomena, with which excen…