In the last days of Augst 1883 on of the world's largest cataclysmic eruptions took place : the volacanic complex of Krakatoa, in Sunda Strait between java and Sumatra was shattered ash as to produce striking atmospheric effects over the whole world for several years to come. To consequent tsunami devastated adjacent coasts.
A few volcanoes of Indonesia posses such a voluminous literature lize the G. Kelut. The are less the volcanic phenomena, than the destructions caused by the mudstreams (lahar), which all times attracked attention. It in true that our through knowledge of out bursts does reach farther than until the begin of the ninetienth century, but the literature of that era is so rich of date, that we howev…
The literature on the Lamongan is less extended than that on the Tengger. The already previously (p.7) referred treatise of van Herwerden and the great work of Junghuhn are up to now the only sources for the knowledge of this remarkable mountain.
Caldera forming eruption is on of the important phenomena that caused direct huge damage of global impact not only for a short time but moreover for long periods. There have been three big caldera forming eruption in Indonesia within a period of 1000 years BP that affected global climate change, such as Rinjani (1257 AD), Tambora (1815 AD) and Krakatau (1883 AD).