Since the end of the 1982 - 1983 eruption of Galunggung volcano, west Java, a large and growing lake has formed within the 1982 - 1983 crater. The volume of this lake in July 1986 is approximately 6.1 million cubic meters of water. This water is accumulating at a rate of approximately 2.6 million cubic meters per year.
Geophysical methods of surveillance of active volcanoes are generally considered as a basic means for prediction of volcanic activity. Among various geophysical forerunners of eruptions, seismic events are most common to both basaltic and andesitic volcanoes, and it is customary to think they give effective warning to the people living close to active volcanoes. However, volcanic eruptions are …
From the last two eruptions of Mt.Kelut, i.e. in 1951 and 1966, remarkable changes of the crater bottom were recorded. After the 1951 eruption a lowering of 79 m and after the 1996 eruption up upheaval of 43 m was found to have taken place, as measured at the deepest sections of the crater.
As far as we can conclude from the volcanial history of the G.Kelut, after each out burst a craterlake was formed (Potrait of the Craterlake among others in 'Geweldige Natuurkrachten' by Vissering in J.v.h. Minjnwezen 1907, Verhandeling Hugo Cool and a.m).
In February of the former year (1898) a very remarkable outburst on the slope of the volcano Lamongan (in the residence Probolinggo on Jawa) had taken place, which by several persons, among others by the Controler of Klakah, A. Ardesch, and the Assisntant-Resident of Lumajang, C.Lok, was observed.
As far as we can conclude from the volcanical history of the G.Kelut, after each out burst a craterlake was formed (Portrait of the Craterlake anong others in 'Geweldige Natuurkrachten' by Vissering in J.v.h. Mijnwezen 1907, Verhandeling Hugo Cool and a.m.). As most of the strate volcanoes has no craterlake there must be extraordinary conditions present, when at such volcano body craterlakes…
Kelimutu is a stratovolcano that has three crater lakes containing exotic fluids. This study presents the analytical results describing the chemistry of each lake, interprets the chemistries in terms of water-rock interactions and volcanic fluxes, and derives a physical lake model that delineates the parameter-window for volcanic crater lake existence.